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Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction (microTESE) is an advanced microsurgical procedure designed to retrieve sperm from men diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia, a condition where sperm production is impaired. Unlike conventional sperm retrieval methods, microTESE uses high-powered magnification to carefully identify and extract viable sperm from dilated seminiferous tubules, increasing the chances of successful sperm retrieval for use in assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF and ICSI. The procedure begins with anesthesia and a small scrotal incision, followed by careful dissection of the tunica albuginea to expose the seminiferous tubules. Under the microscope, surgeons selectively remove tubules likely to contain sperm, which are then processed for immediate use or cryopreservation. MicroTESE offers higher success rates compared to traditional methods, minimizes tissue removal, and is especially beneficial for men with severe forms of azoospermia. While generally safe, potential risks include anesthesia complications, bleeding, infection, and rare testicular damage. Overall, microTESE represents a significant advancement in male infertility treatment, providing hope for men wishing to father biological children.